This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of CD and CP viruses in Cairo, Egypt. In a private Vet. Clinic in Cairo, five local breed puppies of about 3-5 months of age were supposed to be infected with the virus of canine distemper (CDV) showing fever, runny nose, salivation and coughing. Another 6 German Shepard and 4 Gryphon puppies of about 6-9 months of age were suffered from fever and bloody diarrhea suspected to be infected with canine parvovirus (CPV). All of these puppies had no history of vaccination. Trials of virus segregation in Vero and MDCK cell lines and usage of virus neutralization test (VNT) using specific anti-CD and anti-CP sera revealed that 3 out of 5 nasal swabs were positive to CD virus and 3 out of 10 fecal swabs were positive to CPV. These results were confirmed by Rt-PCR showing positive amplification with CD and CP, respectively. So, we could say that VNT and Rt-PCR are essential assays to identify CD and CP viruses and puppy vaccination should not be neglected to protect them against such diseases.

Bacteria are seriously affecting broiler chickens and the poultry industry in many countries, as well as in Egypt. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial species have been reported in broiler chickens. The present study aimed to isolate and identify the most common bacteria recovered from apparently healthy broiler chickens by conventional methods and the VITEK system. Samples were taken from 30 broiler chickens of different ages (3 – 5 weeks) from different retail markets in Cairo during the period from January to August 2019. Bacteriological examination of the samples showed both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well. Lysinibacillus sphaericus (n=7), Escherichia coli (n = 5), Proteus species (n = 4), Bacillus cereus (n = 3), with isolation rates of 23.3 %, 16.6 %, 13.3 % and 10 %, were identified. In addition to its pathogenicity and hazardous action, some strains of Lysinibacillus sphaericus have a larvicide effect on some species of mosquitoes. So, further studies and investigations will be conducted to test Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Bacillus cereus isolates for their biological control activity and/or their potency to remove, control, or reduce petroleum hydrocarbon soil contaminants in different localities. It will be used as an alternative control agent for numerous synthetic commercial formulations.

As mulberry is being exploited by sericulture, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and beverage industries along with its utilization in environmental safety approach; it is appropriate to call it as the most suitable plant for sustainable development. So the aim of using Morus alba L. is to examine its ability to enhance common carp growth performance, biological and some hemato-biochemical parameters. This study has evaluated the growth performance and health performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) isoenergetic with isonitrogenous diets supplemented with ( (T1 group), (T2 group), (T3 group), 0, 10, 15gm of mulberry fruit powder, respectively ) for 12 weeks in the laboratory of fish diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Results revealed that the T3 group was significantly higher than other treatments concerning growth performance and feed utilization parameters. The addition of white mulberry fruit powder significantly increased RBC's count and PCV % in the T3 group. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL were significantly higher in the T3 group, while LDL was significantly lower in the T3 group. The present study revealed that diets supplemented with mulberry increased common carp growth and health performance (Cyprinus carpio).

This study investigates the effect of Ubiquinone and/or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on bone mineral density (BMD) in rabbits at the healing site in mandibular bone postoperatively. Sixty healthy white male New Zealand rabbits (almost the same age [5-6 months], weight [2.0±0.25 kg] and circumstance) were used in this study. The heavy-duty dental engine drilled a mandibular groove of 2mm diameter and 6mm length in all animals. Post-surgery, the rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (10 each) according to the treatment. According to the evaluation period, each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (5 rabbits each); 15 and 30 days. The groups included; control group (the groove was not filled by anything) and treated groups which included five groups as follows: group I (in which the groove was filled with Ubiquinone), group II (groove was filled with CaCO3), group III (groove was filled with CaCO3: Ubiquinone as a ratio [1:1]), group IV ( groove was filled with CaCO3: Ubiquinone as a ratio [1:2]) and group V (groove was filled with CaCO3: Ubiquinone as a ratio [2:1]). The BMD was measured using Densitometry after 15 and 30 days. Statistical analysis showed significant differences at p=0.05 in bone mineral density (BMD) between the control group (92±0.15) and all other treated groups except group III (125±3.54) and group IV (126±5.13) showed no significant differences at follow-up times at 15 days. Also, in the present study, we found there is a significant difference in bone mineral density among the control group (109±1.25), group I (144±3.45), group II (153±6.24) and group V (182±12.56) groups respectively. ANOVA test showed no significant difference in group III (160±8.94) and group IV (165±9.11) at follow-up times at 30 days. Adding the Ubiquinone and/or CaCO3 showed a significant increase in BMD manifested by bone healing like space-filling, newly formed bone trabeculae and a high number of lacunas compared with the control group. It can be concluded that, the Addition of Ubiquinone and/or CaCO3 to the mandibular fracture has a favourable effect on BMD and enhance bone healing in rabbits.

The objective of the present study was to describe retrospective data, including causes and whether medical and surgical management is suitable for feline dystocia. Data were analysed and described according to original causes and treatment protocols were done. Data of this study revealed that the maternal causes with different types of dystocia were the major percentage. The highest percentage was recorded in 2020 which was 80.00%, while the lowest rate was in 2018 which was 66.00%. The highest foetal causes percentages were in 2018 which was 33.00%, while the lowest rate was in 2020 which was 20.00%. Data also revealed the percentage of treatment types for dystocia in cats in the period between 2018-2021 which were 17.07 % of hormonal treatment and 82.93% of Caseran Section operation. Results of the present study conclude that the best method for treating dystocia in cats was the cesarean section. The author advised using estrogen and Oxytocin hormones with Ca++ to treat the non-obestracting dystocia or hormonal treatment instead of using oxytocin and Ca++ alone.

Many Mycoplasma species are involved in caprine and ovine pneumonia all over the world causing serious economic losses. These species have been reported to cause pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis and genital infection. The objective of the present study was to detect Mycoplasma species in the respiratory system of sheep and goats. So, a total of 400 samples (250 from sheep and 150 from goat) were examined bacteriologically, biochemically, by PCR, sequencing, in addition to the antibiotic susceptibility profiles screening. Only 13 isolates could be identified as Mycoplasma species. One of these sequences was submitted to the Genbank taking the accession number MK910041; Mycoplasma species (ovine/caprine serogroup 11). Only 7 isolates were weak biofilm producers and the other 6 isolates were non biofilm producers; 8 isolates were positive for the catalase test and 5 were negative. H2S production was recorded in 10 isolates; haemolysis was detected in only 6 isolates. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for seven antimicrobial agents, including danofloxacin, tulathromycin, tylosin, streptomycin, lincomycin, florfenicol and oxytetracycline, were determined. All the isolates (100%) were sensitive to tulathromycin and tylosin, streptomycin and oxytetracycline; 38.5% were sensitive to danofloxacin, 69.2% were sensitive to florfenicol, while 69.2% of isolates were resistant to lincomycin. As all the isolates were recovered from apparently healthy and clinically diseased animals and identified as untyped Mycoplasma species, more investigations will be done to identify these isolates and discover their roles in infection.

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus piscifermentans nasal colonization among apparently healthy ruminants and their handlers in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of six hundred and five (605) samples were collected aseptically using sterile swab sticks (Oxoid, UK) using a simple random technique from the ruminants and their human handlers at the Maiduguri central abattoir and livestock market (Kasuwan shanu). One hundred and fifty-one (151) samples were collected from each species (cattle, sheep and goat), while 152 samples were collected from animal handlers. The samples were immediately subjected to standard bacteriological analysis. A total of 195 (32.2%) coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) were presumptively identified; out of the 195 identified CoNS, 9 (4.62%) was Staphylococcus piscifermentans nasal colonization. The results revealed that out of 9 isolates, S. piscifermentans was highly isolated 4(8.3%) from sheep, followed by cattle and human handlers 2 (3.8%) respectively, and the least was from goats 1 (2.3%). Meanwhile, all the 9 (4.62%) isolates were negative for both tube and slide coagulase test. However, they were positive for DNase, Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC) test, betta – hemolysis and synergistic hemolysis. 4(44.4%) of the 9 isolates were positive for Staphylococcus Protein A (SPA) virulence gene, none 0(0%) for mecA virulence gene, and 5(55.6%) were positive for slime (Biofilm) production. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolates was found to be highly variable to all the used drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that Staphylococcus piscifermentans isolated from these ruminants and their handlers contain virulence genes that could be responsible for pathogenicity. There is a need for more studies using higher technologies in other parts of the country to reveal the thorough status of the disease in Nigeria.

The objective of the current experiment was to study the effect of different avian egg yolks (EYs) on rams epididymal sperms stored at 4 ºC. Sixteen pairs of testes (n=32) were mature Awassi rams of about 1-4 years, slaughtered at Al-Sadoon abattoir, Mosul city were collected. The spermatozoa were collected from the tail of the epididymis by cutting and squeezing; after that, a total of 0.5 ml of spermatozoa volume was diluted by using sodium citrate 2.9% and the volume was completed to 1 ml, then the sample was divided into four aliquots (0.25 ml for each one). The extender consisted of egg yolk (EY) 10% of four avian types (chicken, quail, duck, turkey), sodium citrate 2.9%, fructose 2.4gm, penicillin, and streptomycin (100.000 IU and 100 mg, respectively) in 100 distal water. Sperms individual motility, live sperm percentage, sperms abnormalities were checked at 0, 72, 144 hours of storage. Results of the present study revealed that quail egg yolk improved sperms, individual motility, live sperm percentage with longer life span and reduce sperms abnormalities, followed by Turkey, chicken and duck EYs, respectively. Individual motility of the spermatozoa after 144 h of storage in quail EY extender were (36.00%± 1.20), which higher than turkey EY (32.30%± 1.30). However, these results were higher and significant (P? 0.05) when compared with chicken EY extender (24.60%± 2.30) and duck EY extender (19.00%± 1.50). Similar results of quail and turkey EYs were manifested in the percentage of live spermatozoa, which were (38.00%± 1.20), (33.30%± 1.30), (24.00%± 2.30), and (19.90%± 1.50), respectively. The duck EY was significantly lower (P? 0.05) when comparing the four egg yolks types after storage for 144 h. In conclusion: we advise potentially using a quail or turkey EYs extender for the chilled storage for ram epididymal sperms.

There is limited information regarding chickens inter and intra-breed resistance to the fowlpox virus (FWPV). Incidentally, it was observed during a natural fowlpox outbreak in a flock of inbred Isa White chickens having different plumage colors that those with predominantly white plumage were most severely affected. Thus, this study assessed the effects of plumage color in progenies of the affected chickens on immune response and severity of fowlpox virus infection. Thirty each of white and colored chickens were selected from the same hatch and challenged experimentally with a field fowlpox virus. Fifteen chickens from each plumage group were vaccinated against fowlpox prior to the challenge while the remaining unvaccinated half were infected with the field virus. Vaccine ‘takes’ diameters, discrete fowlpox lesions and FWPV antibody titer were evaluated. The highest mean vaccine ‘takes’ in white (9.95 ± 0.34 mm) and colored (10.74 ± 0.41 mm) chickens were observed on day-7 post-vaccination. White chickens had lower mean antibodies to fowlpox virus pre- and post-vaccination (21.83 ± 3.32 and 41.61 ± 6.16 ng/L) than colored chickens (26.89 ± 5.47 and 53.25 ± 7.26 ng/L); however, the difference was not statistically significant (p ? 0.05). In contrast, mean fowlpox lesions count differed significantly (p ? 0.05) between white (4.00 ± 0.56) and colored (2.0 ± 0.35) chickens. Immune responses and severity of fowlpox are likely influenced by plumage color in Isa White breed of chickens.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of acetaminophen in male rats after early postnatal exposure to acetaminophen on several behavioural alterations and its role to precipitate autistic-like behaviour with investigating the ameliorating role of melatonin on these parameters. Thirty healthy Albino male rat pups were used in this study. On a postnatal day 3 (PND3), the rat pups were divided into three groups (10 pups per group). Group1: As a control group, pups injected with normal saline for 7 days subcutaneously then administered with normal saline for 2 weeks orally. Group 2: pups injected acetaminophen subcutaneously in a dose (50mg/kg) once daily for 7 days, then these pups were administrated with normal saline for 2 weeks. Group 3: includes pups that were injected acetaminophen subcutaneously in a dose (50 mg/kg) once daily for 7 days then administrated with melatonin (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Behavioural tests, such as nest seeking, were performed at PND 9; negative geotaxis test was done at "PND 15 and 17", an open field test was done at PND21. The present study demonstrated that acetaminophen exposed rat pups exhibited a significant difference in behavioural tests: nest seeking test showed that the pups of group 2 to approach the maternal bedding was (10.00±1.51) sec which was significantly higher than the time of the control group(4.50±2.19) sec. At PND15, the negative geotaxis test showed a significant increase in time spend to rotate 180° of the pups of group 2 (7.30±2.86) sec when compared with that of the control group (3.50±0.63)sec and melatonin treated group (4.56±0.63) sec. While at PND17, pups showed a significant increase in time spend to rotate 180° in negative geotaxis test in group 2 (7.40±2.90) sec compared with that of the control group (3.12 ±1.33) sec, and that of the melatonin treated group (4.18 ±1.43) sec. Data of open field test showed that pups of group 2 were traveled significantly more total distance (number of squares crossed) (31±8.34) compared to those traveled by pups of control (20±4.08) and melatonin treated groups (22±7.43). Administration of acetaminophen at dose 50 mg/kg from PND 3 to PND10 induces autistic-like behavioural manifested by several alterations in rat pups. These alterations were ameliorated by melatonin administration (10 mg/kg for 2 weeks) after exposure to acetaminophen.

Although food is very important for human life, it may be life-threatening. Foodborne diseases are spreading worldwide through the increasing rate of fresh and undercooked food consumption. Foodborne pathogens include many types of bacterial species. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter species isolated from meat samples and their phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and genotypic characteristics. A total of 110 samples, collected from chickens (n=50), beef (n=44), rabbits (n=10), and mutton (n=6), were examined bacteriologically. The suspected colonies were identified biochemically and then tested for antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity; identification was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the genes; rpoB, tarT, fimH, and espA. Nine Acinetobacter species isolates (8.2%) were recovered. Fifty five samples resulted in the isolation of non-lactose fermenters with an incidence of 50%, 29 produced late lactose fermenters with an incidence of 26%. The rest of the samples showed no growth or non-lactose fermenters. On antibiogram, the isolates showed high resistance to ceftriaxone, imipenem, ceftazidime and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in percentages of 89%, 77.8%, 66.7% and 66.7 %, respectively. While low resistance was found to sulfamethazole/ trimethoprim, doxycycline and amikacin in percentages of 44.4%, 33.3% and 11.1%, respectively. However, the isolates showed no resistance to ciprofloxacin. All the isolates were MDR with MDRindex (more than 0.5). Only one isolate was a weak biofilm producer but, no isolates produced hemolysis of the sheep RBCs. Genetically, 88.9% of the isolates expressed tarT and fimH genes, while only 5.6% of the isolates expressed espA gene. It can be concluded that Acinetobacter species are to be considered when inspecting meat samples of different sources.